Abstract：Numerous studies have found that pregnancy has a close relationship with platelet antibody. Due to alloimmune or autoimmune factors, pregnant women may produce platelet antibodies, which can make their way through the placental barrier into fetal blood circulation and cause antigen antibody response combined with fetal platelet, which leads to a series of fetal thrombocytopenic hemorrhagic disease and eventually makes the pregnant women in early abortion, recurrent miscarriage or the newborn in immune thrombocytopenia. Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is a neonatal hemorrhagic disease caused by alloimmune factors. The incidence of this disease in Caucasian population is about 0. 1%, and the incidence rate in Japanese population is about 0. 15%, but there is no statistical data in China in this field. The disease is urgent, which can cause extensive hemorrhage in overall skin and organ. Serious case can appear intracranial hemorrhage or even death. Therefore, platelet antigen antibody detection during pregnancy is of great significance, which can efficiently explore the etiology of recurrent miscarriage, early predict and prevent the occurrence of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. At present, the detection technology of platelet antigen antibody mainly includes serology and molecular biology technology, and a series of advanced detection technology have been developed at home and abroad. This paper presents the latest research progress on the classification of platelet antigen antibody, the generation and pathogenesis of platelet antibodies, the latest detection methods of platelet antigen antibody, and the research status of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, in order to arouse the attention of clinicians and pregnant women, in order to provide important reference basis for promotion of platelet antigen antibody detection in pregnant women in daily prenatal.

　　Keyword：Pregnant women; Platelet antibody; Human leukocyte antigen; Human platelet antigen; Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia;

　　人类血小板具有多种血型系统, 表面存在复杂的血型抗原, 反复多次妊娠[1]可能使母体产生针对胎儿血小板抗原的抗体, 引起胎儿血小板数目减少, 严重时可导致流产、免疫性血小板减少性紫癜和颅内出血等一系列疾病, 因而及时快速检测出血小板抗体对于预防此类情况的发生具有重要意义。近年来, 随着检验医学技术的进步以及对血小板抗原抗体本质研究的进一步深入, 血小板抗原, 尤其是血小板特异性抗原的遗传学多态性和抗原特性逐步被发现, 血小板血型的抗原抗体检测方法已经从血清学方法逐渐过渡到了分子生物学方法与血清学方法共存的时代。尽管血小板抗原抗体检测手段的完善对由血小板抗体所导致疾病的预防和治疗具有重要的临床意义, 但是各种检测方法均具有自身特点, 本文就此类问题作一综述。

 

TAG标签： 孕妇     血小板     抗原