摘    要：从婚姻以及家庭制度的起源、发展、演变的历史中， 可以发现婚姻与家庭密不可分。很大的程度上， 婚姻是家庭的基础， 家庭是婚姻的归宿。因此， 在历史视角中， 研究婚姻以及家庭的基本属性， 能够进一步明确婚姻家庭的本质属性。婚姻通过近代社会中合同关系的演变， 现代社会中普遍认为婚姻本质上应是一种身份关系。家庭从个人的容身之处逐渐演变为社会的重要的组成单位， 现代市民社会中的家庭本质上是由具有婚姻或血缘关系的个人组成的共同体 （团体） .据此可以说， 婚姻家庭本质上是一种基于伦理性身份而结合的团体。事实上， 尽管婚姻家庭法作为我国民法体系的组成部分， 已经成为学术基本共识。我国立法机关也明确指出婚姻家庭法为民法典的婚姻家庭编。但我国民事立法传承大陆法系的立法模式和内容， 并没有身份法的立法理念。就大陆法系的立法而言， 无论是采用民商合一立法体例的民法典， 抑或是采用民商分立立法体例的民法典本身并没有有关婚姻家庭特殊的价值理念， 也没有婚姻家庭身份性的立法要素， 其民法典中身份法的立法只是简单地将财产法的价值理念贯彻于婚姻家庭的制度之中。就此而论， 传统民法典体系视角下婚姻家庭法为财产法。我国民事立法从属于大陆法系一部分， 亦是如此。然而， 婚姻家庭关系在本质上是具有人伦性的情感关系。民法典也不仅仅是财产法典， 而是集人格法、身份法、财产法于一体的民法典。其实， 婚姻家庭法立法的身份化也是现代化民法典的要求。婚姻家庭能为市民社会提供伦理的合理性。而且婚姻家庭法中的财产关系本质上也是附属于身份关系的财产关系，具有身份化的属性。为此， 我国未来民法典婚姻家庭编应当以婚姻家庭的本质属性重构民法体系中的婚姻家庭法。婚姻家庭法制度的构建不仅要重新认可并定位婚姻家庭的主体地位， 而且也还应当秉承人伦的观念， 遵循家庭本位、家庭团体性、同居共财的理念并且适当纳入习惯法与道德规范， 从而在婚姻家庭制度的设计上贯彻伦理精神， 为家庭功能的重塑与家庭规则的重建提供各方面的支持。
　　
　　关键词：婚姻家庭； 民法体系； 婚姻家庭法； 民法典； 伦理性； 民法典婚姻家庭编；
　　
　　The Nature of Marriage and Family and the Law of Marriage and Family in Civil Law System
　　
　　XIA Qin
　　
　　Law school, Central South University
　　
　　Abstract:
　　
　　From the origin, development and evolution of marriage and family, people can find the marriage and family are inseparable. To a large extent, marriage is the basis of family and family is the home of marriage. Therefore, in the historical perspective, the study on the basic attributes of marriage and family can further clarify the essential attributes of the marriage family. Through the evolution of contract relations in modern society, marriage is generally considered to be an identity relationship in modern society. Gradually evolving from the individual's shelter into the important composition unit of the society, family, in the modern civil society, is essentially composed of community （group） with marriage or blood relationship. In this sense, the marriage family is essentially a group based on ethical identity. In fact, marriage and family law, as the constituent parts of the civil law system, has become the basic consensus of the academic community. Chinese legislative body also clearly points out that marriage and family law is marriage and family section of civil code. But China's civil legislation inherits the legislative model and content of the continental law system, and has no legal concept of identity law. In terms of the civil law legislation, in the civil code of integrated or in the separate civil and commercial legislation system, there is no special value concept concerning marriage family legislation system nor legislation factors of marriage and family status. The status legislation in the civil law just simply implements the value concept of the property law into the marriage and family system. In this regard, the traditional civil code system considers the marriage and family law as property law. As the civil legislation of China is part of the continental law system, so it is the same case. However, the relationship between marriage and family is an emotional relationship in essence. The civil code is not only the property code, but also the civil code which integrates personality law, identity law and property law. In fact, the identity of the marriage and family law is also the requirement of modern civil code. The marriage and family can provide ethical rationality for civil society. Moreover, the property relationship in the marriage and family law is also the property relationship attached to the identity relation, which has the attribute of identity.Therefore, in the future civil code, marriage and family code of China should reconstruct the marriage and family law in civil law system with the essential attribute of the marriage and family. Marriage and family law system building should not only recognize and locate the subject status of the marriage and family, but also adhere to the concept of ethics and follow family's basic unit and entity group, and the concept of co-residence and common property so as to carry out the ethical spirit in the design of marriage and family system and provide supports for the reconstruction of family function and the reshaping of the family rules.
　　
　　Keyword:
　　
　　marriage and family; civil law system; law of marriage and family; civil code; ethicality; marriage and family section of civil code;
　

TAG标签： 婚姻家庭法     民法体系     婚姻家庭