医学类专业微生物工程论文课程教学探索与实践
Medical specialties microbe engineering course teaching exploration and practice
    人们对微生物工程的认识源于食品行业的发酵工程，我国大学工科的发酵工程专业也脱胎于农学院的农产品加工专业。1952年全国高校院系调整时，农产品加工专业的发酵专业方向划归工学院食品工业系，这才有了工科的发酵工程专业方向，随后发展为发酵工程专业。最初利用微生物加工产品的工程统统被列入发酵工程的范畴，然而随着生物化学、细胞生物学、应用分子生物学和遗传工程、生物化工等学科的发展，多学科相互交叉渗透，人们对微生物许多新功能的认识不断深入，大大拓展了人们利用微生物进行生产的范围（如微生物可应用于环境治理和生物冶金等），发酵工程逐渐发展为微生物工程。1998年颁布的高等学校本科专业目录把发酵工程划归生物工程类，肯定了发酵工程的生物学性质。

    随着生物技术在医药领域的应用日益广泛，社会需要越来越多的专门人才从事该领域的研究开发工作，与之相适应，目前很多医学院校逐步增设了生物工程和生物技术专业。作为四大生物工程（基因工程、细胞工程、微生物工程和酶工程）之一的微生物工程，是生物技术产业化进程中的关键，因此，微生物工程课程也就自然地成为生物工程和生物技术专业必不可少的一门专业必修课。微生物工程是将微生物学、生物化学、化学工程的基本原理有机地结合起来，通过现代化工程技术生产有用物质或直接应用于工业化生产的一种技术体系，是将传统的发酵技术与现代的基因工程、细胞工程、代谢工程、生物信息工程和计算机控制等新技术结合并迅速发展起来的一种现代发酵技术。微生物工程课程涉及的理论和技术多，且由于历史原因许多教材在内容安排上多倾向于食品类专业，因此，医学类专业微生物工程课程教学改革的重点在于教学内容的取舍。

    结合专业特点合理选择教学内容最早开设发酵工程课程的是食品类专业，因此目前许多微生物工程教材在内容安排上多倾向于食品类专业，远远不能满足医学院校生物技术和生物工程专业的需要，结合专业特点有针对性地选择教学内容是该课程任课教师肩负的使命。对于生物技术和生物工程专业来说，在微生物工程课程的教学中“秉承工科特色，加强理学研究”的学科办学理念显得尤为重要。考虑到医学院校学生的工科基础薄弱，教学大纲应该有针对性地围绕与微生物生产有关的生物医药产品展开，以生产和应用过程的主要单元操作原理与工艺条件为主要内容，从而使学生能够掌握利用微生物生产生物医药产品的基本理论，进而由理论指导实践，学会分析生产和应用过程中存在的技术问题。为了激发学生的求知欲望，教师在教学中不能局限于教材内容，要根据教学大纲的要求，结合课程的具体内容，进行相关知识的补充和删减



People to the understanding of the microbe engineering from the food industry of fermentation engineering and engineering college in our country of fermentation engineering major also born out of the agricultural products processing of agricultural professional. In 1952 the national university departments, when adjustment of agricultural products processing professional fermentation professional direction to institute of food industry, this just had engineering fermentation engineering professional direction, and then the development for fermentation engineering. First use of microbial processed products all engineering was listed in the category of fermentation engineering, however as biological chemistry, cell biology, application of molecular biology and genetic engineering, the development of the subjects such as chemical, biochemical, multidisciplinary penetrating into each other, the people to the understanding of the microbial many new function unceasingly thoroughly, greatly expand the production of microbe were people use range (such as microbes can be applied in environmental management and biological metallurgy, etc), fermentation engineering gradually development as the microbe engineering. Promulgated in 1998 undergraduate course of the professional directory fermentation engineering to biological engineering, definitely the fermentation engineering of biological properties.


As biological technology application in medical field increasingly widespread, society needs more and more specialized / personnel engaged in this field of research and development work, with suitable, at present a lot of medical colleges and universities gradually add the biological engineering and biotechnology professional. As four biological engineering (genetic engineering, cellular engineering, microbial engineering and enzyme engineering) of one of microbe engineering, is in the process of biological technology industrialization key, therefore, microbial engineering course is to be a natural biological engineering and biotechnology professional indispensable a professional required courses. Microbial engineering is will microbiology, biochemistry, the basic principle of chemical engineering organically, and through the modern engineering technology to produce useful substances or directly applied in industrial production of a technology system, is the traditional fermentation technology and modern genetic engineering, cellular engineering, metabolic engineering, biology information engineering and computer control techniques combined with and quickly and developed a kind of modern fermentation technology. Microbial engineering course with theoretical and technical, and because of historical reasons many teaching material in the content on professional tend to food, therefore, medical specialties microbe engineering teaching reform of the course is to focus on teaching content choices.


Combined with professional features reasonable choice of teaching content of fermentation engineering course opened the first food is professional, so at present a lot of microbe engineering teaching material in the content on tend to food professional, far from meeting the medical colleges and universities the biotechnology and biological engineering needs, combined with the professional characteristics have targeted to choose teaching content is the course instructor shoulder of the mission. For the biotechnology and biological engineering for, in the teaching of microbe engineering course "adhering to the engineering characteristics, strengthen the research" subject school concept is particularly important. Considering the medical college students' engineering foundation is weak, the teaching outline should have pointed around the biological and microbial production on pharmaceutical products, production and application process of the main unit operation principle and process conditions as the main content, which enables the student to master the use of microbial production of the basic theory of pharmaceutical products, and more of the theory instruction practice, learn to analyze the production and application of the existence of the technical problem. In order to stimulate the students' curiosity, the teacher in the teaching can't confined to the teaching material content, according to the requirements of teaching outline, combined with the specific contents of the course, the knowledge of supplements and exclusion

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